Skin care

Common triggers for acne include: 

• Excess sebum production due to hormones, especially androgen 
• Hormonal changes, often during puberty 
• Heredity 
• Certain medications 
• Birth control pills 
• Stress 
• Menstruation and pregnancy 
• Friction from clothing or helmets 
• Climate changes 
• Some cosmetics 
• Over-washing 

Eczema often has a genetic component, with other factors such as: 

• Climate 
• Stress and tension 
• Skin bacteria 
• Chemicals in soaps and lotions 
• Detergents 
• Sweating 
• Irritating fabrics like wool or nylon 

Common types of acne: 

• Acne vulgaris: The most prevalent type, with blackheads, papules, and pustules. 
• Acne comedonica: A mild form with mainly blackheads. 
• Acne conglobata: Severe acne with large nodules and cysts, usually resulting in scarring. Often seen in young men. 
• Acne excoriée: Worsened acne due to picking or squeezing, leading to scars. 

Common types of eczema: 

• Atopic eczema: The most common form, often hereditary, and can appear anywhere on the body. 
• Seborrheic eczema: More frequent in men, typically affecting the face, scalp, and areas around the ears. 
• Contact eczema: Can be allergic (triggered by allergens) or irritant (caused by repeated exposure to substances like water or soap). 
• Nummular eczema: Coin-shaped patches, mainly on the legs. 
• Dyshidrotic eczema: Occurs on hands and feet, often affecting women aged 20 to 30. 
• Tylotic eczema: A persistent form of hand eczema. 

• Acne typically appears on the face, back, neck, and chest, and may manifest as: 
  - Blackheads (open comedones) or whiteheads (closed comedones) 
  - Pimples or pustules (elevated spots filled with pus) 
  - Deep nodules and cysts, which can cause scarring 

• Eczema symptoms depend on the type but may include: 
  - Itching 
  - Redness, swelling, blisters, or crusts 
  - Dryness and flaking 
  - Aggravation by stress, cold, or dry weather 

You can take measures to reduce or control acne and eczema: 

• Clean your skin with lukewarm water 
• Avoid harsh soaps; for acne, a pH-neutral soap may help 
• Gently pat your skin dry 
• Wear breathable cotton clothing and avoid rough fabrics 
• Use neutral laundry detergents 
• Choose mineral or water-based makeup 
• Maintain a healthy diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables 
• Limit alcohol consumption and stay hydrated 
• Avoid smoking 
• Get enough rest and exercise 

Specific tips for acne: 

• Refrain from squeezing pimples, as it can worsen the condition and cause scars. 

Specific tips for eczema: 

• Avoid scratching and keep nails trimmed 
• Use moisturizing creams to keep skin supple 
• Keep showers brief and avoid hot water 

Treatments vary based on severity: 

For acne: 

• Mild cases may benefit from topical treatments to unclog pores. 
• If necessary, oral antibiotics may be prescribed. 
• Women may find relief from acne by using certain contraceptive pills. 
• Severe cases may require stronger medication or microdermabrasion to remove the top skin layer. 

For eczema: 

• Non-medicated creams can keep the skin moisturized. 
• If needed, hydrocortisone creams or stronger corticosteroids may be used. 
• For persistent cases, calcineurin inhibitors may be prescribed. 

Alternative treatments

For acne: 

• Chemical peels and laser treatments can reduce scarring. 

For eczema: 

• Menthol ointment or cold packs can soothe itching. 
• Keeping an itch diary or using relaxation techniques may help manage symptoms. 

Lifestyle changes

Healthy living can support skin care efforts: 

• Use mild moisturizers for dry skin 
• Limit exposure to harsh weather and stressful situations 
• Practice relaxation techniques 

Excessive scratching can lead to skin infections, and prolonged use of corticosteroids may thin the skin or cause stretch marks. Skin conditions can also negatively impact self-esteem and mental health. If symptoms persist, seek medical advice.   

Proper skin care can help manage or reduce the frequency of acne and eczema. Follow the self-care tips provided above.  

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