Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis is caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, which infects the mucous membranes of the urethra, vagina, or bladder. Many people do not experience symptoms right away, or at all, which means they can unknowingly spread the infection. 

Symptoms are more common in women, although men can also be affected. While trichomoniasis is not usually dangerous, it may lead to complications during pregnancy. 

Trichomoniasis symptoms vary and may not appear immediately after infection. The incubation period is typically 1 to 4 weeks, though symptoms can sometimes take longer to manifest. In some cases, symptoms may never develop, especially in men. 

• Symptoms in women: 
  - Sensitive, itchy, or inflamed vagina and/or labia 
  - Pain during sex 
  - Increased vaginal discharge, often yellow-green and foamy, sometimes with a foul smell 
  - Pain or burning sensation when urinating 
  - Higher risk of complications during pregnancy, such as premature birth or low birth weight 

• Symptoms in men: 
  - Discharge from the penis, which may be watery and white 
  - Inflammation of the glans 
  - Pain or burning when urinating 

While symptoms in women can persist for months or even years, men’s symptoms typically disappear within about five weeks. After symptoms resolve, men are no longer contagious. 

Trichomoniasis spreads through unprotected vaginal sex, as the parasite is found in pre-cum, semen, and vaginal fluids. It cannot be transmitted through oral or anal sex. 

To reduce the risk of trichomoniasis, always practice safe sex by using a condom. 

Since trichomoniasis symptoms can resemble other conditions such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, or bacterial vaginosis, an STD test is essential for a proper diagnosis. 

• When to get tested: 
  - If you have trichomoniasis symptoms, get tested as soon as possible. 
  - If you've had unprotected sex, especially with a new or casual partner, testing is advised. 
  - Always get tested if you’ve had sexual contact with someone who may be infected. 

A doctor can perform a trichomoniasis test. This involves a urine sample for men and a vaginal swab for women. The sample is then examined for the presence of the parasite. 

Self-tests are also available for diagnosing trichomoniasis. If your test is negative but symptoms persist, seek medical advice. 

Note on the trichomoniasis incubation period: Trichomoniasis may not be detectable until about four weeks after infection, so testing too early can lead to false negative results. If symptoms appear sooner, consult a healthcare professional for advice on earlier testing. 

Seek treatment promptly to stop the infection from spreading. Inform anyone you've had sexual contact with in the month before testing positive, so they can also be tested and treated if necessary. 

Treatment for trichomoniasis involves antibiotics that kill the parasite. The standard treatment usually involves the antibiotic metronidazole, taken as several capsules or tablets over one day. Partners are often treated simultaneously, even if they have no symptoms. 

• Metronidazole interacts strongly with alcohol, causing side effects like nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. Avoid alcohol for three days after completing the treatment. 
• Side effects may include gastrointestinal issues, headaches, a metallic taste in the mouth, or dizziness. Read the medication leaflet for detailed information. 
• Complete the full course of treatment to ensure the infection is fully cleared. 
• Avoid sexual activity for a week after treatment, as you may still be contagious. 
• Treatment only eliminates the current infection. Re-infection is possible through unprotected sex with an infected partner. 

Many treatments for trichomoniasis require a prescription. You can request a treatment plan through Doctoronline, where your application will be reviewed by a doctor. If approved, a prescription will be issued, and the medication will be discreetly delivered to your home. 

For more information about trichomoniasis or treatment options, consult a doctor or pharmacist.